《阿里云CentOS服务器挂载数据盘》
环境
Linux版本：CentOS 6.5
目录
1.查看为挂载数据盘
2.创建分区、格式化数据盘
3.挂载数据盘
4.相关知识
内容
1.查看未挂载数据盘
使用df命令查看所有已挂载的磁盘
[root@Serv105 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1 20G 1.5G 18G 8% /
tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /dev/shm
可以看到里面并没有数据盘。 这就需要使用fdisk命令可以查看所有的磁盘
[root@Serv105 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvda1 * 1261120970496 83 Linux
Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
我们可以看到/dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB这块磁盘。我们所要做的就是把这块磁盘挂载到/data/目录。
2.在数据盘上创建分区并格式化
创建分区使用fdisk命令：
[root@Serv105 ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe9145c2b.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p #输入p创建主分区
Partition number (1-4):
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-6527, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527):
Using default value 6527
Command (m for help): wq #输入wq保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
我们这里使用整个磁盘创建一个分区，这里在 完成之后，我们再用fdisk -l命令查看：
[root@Serv105 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux
Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe9145c2b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvdb1 1 6527 52428096 83 Linux
在最下面，可以看到在/dev/xvdb上已经创建了一个分区/dev/xvdb1。下面我们还需要使用mkfs.ext3命令对/dev/xvdb1进行格式化。
[root@Serv105 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/xvdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3276800 inodes, 13107024 blocks
655351 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
3.挂载数据盘
下面我们需要修改/etc/fstab文件进行数据盘的挂载。/etc/fstab文件里面是文件系统的一些信息。系统在启动时，通过读取整个文件，自动挂载磁盘。
[root@Serv105 ~]# echo '/dev/xvdb1 /data ext3 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
[root@Serv105 ~]# mkdir /data
[root@Serv105 ~]# mount -a
使用df命令查看：
[root@Serv105 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1 20G 1.5G 18G 8% /
tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvdb1 50G 180M 47G 1% /data
可以看到，已经挂载成功。